Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing metabolic disorder that increases the risk of complications for both mother and child. These results, featured at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Conference 2025, found whether continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in early pregnancy could predict GDM.

A prospective observational study enrolled 222 non-diabetic pregnant women with at least one risk factor for GDM. Participants wore CGM sensors for 14 days before 20 weeks of gestation, and all underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 26–28 weeks. CGM metrics, including mean glucose, nocturnal glucose, glycemic variability, and time in range, were analyzed.

Of the 208 women with complete data, 57 (27.4%) developed GDM. These women had significantly higher mean glucose, nocturnal glucose, and glycemic variability compared with those who did not develop GDM (p<0.001 for all). Mean glucose (AUC 0.745) and nocturnal glucose (AUC 0.763) were strong predictors, and combining CGM metrics with clinical risk factors further improved predictive accuracy (AUC 0.859).

Early CGM in pregnancy can identify high-risk women before standard screening, supporting timely interventions and highlighting the potential for CGM integration into routine prenatal care.