A recent study published in the European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology highlighted the relationship between type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus in women of southern India.
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in GDM.
In two rural blocks of Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India, between December 2021 and October 2022, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Women (n=160) diagnosed with GDM were randomly selected. Using HbA1c, the glycemic index was determined. Outcomes were classified as normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes.
It was found that 25.6 % of participants had pre-diabetes and 16.9 % had diabetes at a median of 3 yr. Association of dysglycemia was found with pharmacological treatment during pregnancy and higher glycemic values during OGTT (fasting glucose >125 mg/dL or 1-hour ≥200 mg/dL; aOR 3.69; 95 % CI: 1.48–9.21). An increase in diabetes risk was found to be associated with obesity.
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Key highlights
- About 1 in 6 women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM) within 2 to 4 years postpartum, indicating a significant long-term health risk.
- The severity of GDM and maternal obesity are the strongest predictors for developing T2DM, highlighting the importance of monitoring these factors during and after pregnancy.
- There's an urgent need for structured postpartum follow-up and preventive care, especially for high-risk women in resource-limited settings, to reduce the incidence of T2DM.
Source
Jayapal P., Finney AM., Paul CP., et al. Progression to type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes: A follow-up cross-sectional study from Southern India. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025;313:114564. https://www.ejog.org/article/S0301-2115(25)00840-1/abstract
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Study links gestational diabetes to high rates of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes in women from rural southern India.
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