A recent study in Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome demonstrated  a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history, which is linked with an increased diabetes risk, highlighting the potential utility of such dietary indices for diabetes management. 
A significantly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in women who had GDM. Only limited studies exist that suggest how dietary factors impact endocrine metabolism after delivery in women who had GDM. The study aimed to investigate how the dietary inflammatory index contributes to the development of T2DM in women who had GDM.
Seven hundred eighty-eight participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included from 2007 to 2018. The correlation of DII with diabetes and adiposity indices (BMI, relative fat mass) in participants with prior GDM was examined using multivariate logistic regression. To examine the effects of adiposity indices as potential mediators between DII and diabetes, a mediation analysis was conducted. To determine the relationship between the 26 dietary components of the DII and adiposity indices, as well as the occurrence of diabetes in participants with prior GDM, Spearman correlation analysis was conducted.
Results showed that higher DII scores were associated with an increased likelihood of diabetes among participants with a history of GDM. A substantial portion of the relationship between DII and diabetes, with RFM (11.84%) and BMI (12.19%), was mediated by adiposity indices, as revealed by mediation analysis. Different dietary components have varying degrees of association with adiposity indices and diabetes.