Resistance training offers metabolic and functional benefits beyond muscle strength in adults with T2DM. A meta-analysis published in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice reviewed 43 randomized controlled trials including 2,012 participants aged 50 years and older.

Resistance exercise led to significant improvements in insulin sensitivity, lowering insulin (−1.35 μIU/mL), HOMA-IR (−1.15), fasting glucose (−6.99 mg/dL), and HbA1c (−0.55%). It also increased muscle mass (+0.89 kg) and enhanced both upper- and lower-body strength. C-reactive protein levels decreased (SMD −0.80), indicating reduced inflammation, although TNF-α and IL-6 did not change.

These findings support resistance training as a key adjunct to lifestyle-based diabetes management, promoing better metabolic control, muscle health, and healthy aging.