A new cross-sectional study from Ardabil, Iran, has identified three distinct subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), based on their sleep quality, anxiety levels, and overall quality of life. The findings were published in BMC Endocrine Disorders.

The study included 308 randomly selected patients. Data was collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Statistical analysis identified three latent classes based on shared patterns across the quality of life, sleep, and anxiety variables.

The largest group—Class 1 (56.4%)—was characterized by relatively good health status, including good sleep quality and a high quality of life, with minimal anxiety. Class 2 (16.5%) showed moderate quality of life but poor sleep quality, though members of this group did not report significant anxiety symptoms. The most vulnerable group, Class 3 (27.1%), had a higher likelihood of experiencing poor sleep, moderate quality of life, and severe anxiety.

The results suggest a strong relationship between sleep quality and anxiety, both of which significantly influence the overall quality of life in people with T2D. These findings emphasize the need for holistic diabetes care strategies that go beyond glycemic control to address mental health and sleep disturbances.